The Key Dimensions Of Gender Equality - 920 Words

The key influences/dimensions of gender equality in the workplace comparing UK and Greece Introduction The aim of this essay is to critically analyze the key influences/ dimensions of gender equality in the workplace comparing U.K and Greece. There are many dimensions of gender equality in the workplace that have been researched and studied carefully over the years. This study will critically examine and highlight the importance of the key dimensions of gender equality in the workplace in these two countries as well as to compare them. Firstly, in order to analyze these key dimensions the following concepts need to be defined: Gender Equality Gender equality is achieved when men and women have the same rights and opportunities in all†¦show more content†¦ANAGNOSTOU, D., 2013. Gender Constitutional Reform and Feminist Mobilization in Greece and the EU: From Formal to Substantive Equality?. Canadian Journal of Law and Society [online]. 28 (2), pp. 133-150. [viewed 7 May 2017]. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259434797_Gender_Constitutional_Reform_and_Feminist_Mobilization_in_Greece_and_the_EU_From_Formal_to_Substantive_Equality 3. BRADLEY, H. HEALY, G., 2008. Ethnicity and gender at work: inequalities, careers and employment relations, Palgrave Macmillan. New York: Basingstoke. 4. CABRERA, E.F., 2009. Protean Organizations: Reshaping Work and Careers to Retain Female Talent. Career Development International. [online]. 14 (2), pp. 186-201. [viewed 5 May 2017]. Available from: http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/13620430910950773 5. CIPD, 2010. Creating an Engaged Workforce [online]. CIPD. [viewed 30 April 2017]. Available from: http://www.cipd.co.uk/NR/rdonlyres/DD66E557-DB90-4F07-8198-87C3876F3371/0/Creating_engaged_workforce.pdf 6. GOLTZ, S.M. HIETAPELTO, A.B. 2013. Translating the Social Watch Gender Equity Index for University Use. Change. 45(3), pp. 66-73. 7. ELWÉR, S., HARRYSON, L., BOLIN, M. HAMMARSTRÃâ€"M, A. 2013. Patterns of Gender Equality at Workplaces and Psychological Distress: e53246, PLoS One, 8(1). 8. EQUAL PAY ACT 1970, 1970. Managerial Law, 8(5), pp. 1048-1057. 9. GROSSER, K. MOON, J., 2008. Developments in companyShow MoreRelatedGender Inequality : Developing Countries And The Reason For The Human Development963 Words   |  4 PagesSince the beginning of time gender inequality has been an obstacle towards the human development of countries around the world. The Human Development Index was created to showcase the average achievement of males and females. However, females have been oppressed of their opportunities throughout time, which contradicts the main idea of the Human Development Index. To understand the difference between developed and developing countries and the reason for the gender gap between males and females thereRead MoreSummary : Muller V. Oregon1540 Words   |  7 Pagesactions taken only reinforce gender formations- once again attacking the plea for equal opportunity. Because of this alarming backlash in societal equity, the Supreme Court’s decision should be deemed unjust. Although the case recognizes the signi ficance of employee rights in the workforce, the decision is restricted to the sole protection of female workers and only reiterates the hegemonic and patriarchal ideologies that attack the progression of socio-gender equality through legislative action.Read MoreTaking a Look at Organizational Culture767 Words   |  3 Pagesmanagers needing to have a thorough understanding of the culture, will become evident. Hofstede’s theory of dimensions, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and Kotter’s theory of change, will support this. The dimensions of corporate culture are basically the measures that make each organisation distinct from one another. Geert Hofstede’s theory consists of six cultural dimensions. These dimensions are: Power distance, Uncertainty avoidance, Individualism against Collectivism, Masculinity against FemininityRead MoreGender Inequality Between Men And Women1255 Words   |  6 PagesHowever feminism maintains that women are treated in an unfair ways. Social gender roles lead to various forms of inequality and disparity between men and women, which in relation to the socio economic, political and cultural ideologies plays a negative role in girls (Asley 2014) .While some societies, defend gender differences based on their cultural norms and religious beliefs, this tends to restrict women physical and mental space.†Across social classes girls tends to have less physical mobilityRead MoreHow Culture Has Become Very Important Topic Of International Business1484 Words   |  6 P agestrustworthiness and respectful environment and motivates them to be their own best for the organization. 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Can I Legally Use Online Photos in My Family History

Genealogists love images—photos of their ancestors, historical maps, digitized documents, historic photos of places and events...  But can we legally use the  fabulous photos that we find online in a published family history? A genealogy blog? A research report? What if we only plan to distribute the document that we are creating to a few family members, or are not planning to publish  for profit? Does that make a difference? The best way to ensure that youre safely using an image is to create it yourself. Visit the cemetery where your ancestors are buried, or the house where they used to live, and take your own photos. And, in case youre wondering, taking a photo of a copyrighted photograph doesnt count! We dont, however, always have the luxury of creating our own images. Historical photographs, especially of people and places that are no longer with us, are just too important a part of the story to want to leave out. But how do we find and identify photos that we can legally use to enhance our family histories? Consideration #1: Is it protected by copyright? The excuse that a photo weve found online doesnt have a copyright notice doesnt count. In the United States, most works first published after March 1, 1989, are not required to provide notice of copyright. There are also different copyright laws in different countries covering different time periods. To be safe, assume that every image you find online is copyrighted unless you can prove otherwise. Its also not okay to  edit or change a copyrighted image and then call it our own. Cropping and using only a  portion of a copyrighted image in a blog post is still a violation of the image owners copyright,  even if we give credit...which leads us to the next consideration. Consideration #2: What if I include attribution? Taking and using another person’s photo or graphic and giving them credit as the owner of the photograph, a link  back (if using it online), or any other type of attribution does not negate copyright infringement. It may make using someone elses photo without permission a little more ethical because we are not claiming the work of someone else as our own (plagiarism), but it does not make it right. Consideration #3: What if the original photo is in my possession? What if Grandma left us a box of old family photos. Can we use those in a published family history or upload them to an online family tree? Not necessarily. In most countries, including the United States,  the creator of the work owns the copyright.  In the case of an old family photo, copyright belongs to the photographer, not the person being photographed. Even if we don’t know who took the picture—and in the case of old family photos, we typically don’t unless a studio is identified—someone may still retain rights to the work. In the United States, that unknown photographer holds copyright until ninety years after the item was published, or 120 years after it was created. This is why some copy centers will refuse to make copies or digital scans of old family photos, especially those that were obviously taken in a studio. How to Find Photos Online That You Can Legally Use Search engines Google and Bing both offer the ability to search for photos and filter your search by usage rights. This makes it easier to find both public domain photographs, as well as those labeled for reuse through licensing systems such as Creative Commons. In Google Images search select Search Tools and then Usage Rights.  In Bing, after selecting images, you have to first enter a search term. At that point filtering options will pop up. Select License for images marked as public domain, free to share and use, etc.Flickr also offers Creative Commons search capabilities. Under Flickr Advanced Search there are options to search only within Creative Commons licensed content. Of special note are collections hosted by archives, university libraries and similar institutions, such as this collection of over one million public domain photographs from The British Library.Specialty search engines such as  Veezzle  let you search for free stock photos across multiple sites. Scroll down past the strip of photos across the top titled Premium Stock Photos to find the free results. In some countries, photographs produced by government agencies may be in the public domain. Uncle Sams Photos, for example,  offers a directory to the U.S. Governments free photo collections. Public domain may be affected by both the country in which the photo was taken, and the country in which it will be used (e.g. works made by the government of the United Kingdom (England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland) and published more than 50 years ago are considered to be in the public domain for use within the United States).   ​For More on this Topic:Copyright and the Old Family Photograph  (Judy Russell)

Compare aspects of the life of your mother at the age of 15 with the life you have, aged 15 Free Essays

What did your mum do for fun at the age of fun when she was 15? What sort of career prospects did she have? What sort of food would she have eaten and what would she have viewed as cool? This essay is going to attempt to explore the differences between my mum’s life at 15 and mine. My mum at 15 went to a boarding school in Devon, and so her leisure time was structured. My mothers TV viewing was decided by two prefects and the headmistress. We will write a custom essay sample on Compare aspects of the life of your mother at the age of 15 with the life you have, aged 15 or any similar topic only for you Order Now At 15 I mostly choose what I watch on television and this varies from Eastenders to Big Brother, whereas the highlight of my mothers viewing every week was TOTP. The girls were never allowed into town except for dental treatment and could only go to the shops if the matron’s helper was in a good mood and would let them. By the lower fifth (year 10) the year would have its own common room where they would listen to records by the Rolling Stones and Tamla Motown and talk. My mother told me that after half terms and exeats she and her friends having pooled their money together would have midnight feasts. Midnight feasts are now a feature of most sleepovers and shopping in town is a regular occurrence. As for music it has progressed from records to CDs and from the Rolling Stones to the Darkness. Although we do not have a common room we are now from year 10 upwards aloud to be in our form room at lunch. When my mother was 15 job prospects for women were still pretty limited and the expectation was that women should have a job but should give it up once married to look after the house and any children. There were few respectable professions for women. There example are nursing, teaching and secretarial work. This is very different from the prospects for women today. Today so long as you have the qualifications you can get almost anywhere. In 1970 there were no convenience foods such as pizza from the freezer. My mother remembers most mornings being able to have either a cooked breakfast or toast and cereal. At least once a week there would be a roast dinner as well as Sundays, and also a salad once a week. Desserts were traditionally stodgy such as spotted dick and jam roly poly. There were sometimes non-traditional foods such as paella as the school employed a Spanish cook. Today you can acquire most traditional foods at supermarkets as convenience foods though puddings at school still are mostly the same such as chocolate sponge. Roasts are not as frequent and at most schools you can have salad any day of the week, also food from other cultures are quite common. Fashion styles may have changed since my mother was 15 but the fact that if you were not in the most up to date fashions then you are considered ‘Square’ has not. When my mother was 15 mini skirts had just gone out of fashion and skirts had gone to the opposite extreme of maxi skirts. Fashions were more fixed, it was either one thing or another and they did not change as often as today. There are 34 yrs between me and my mum being 15 and though some fashions and the names of the bands that teenagers listen to have changed. Teenagers still follow fashion avidly and try to break as many rules as possible even if boundaries have become wider. Prospects and boundaries may have widened but in essence things have stayed the same. How to cite Compare aspects of the life of your mother at the age of 15 with the life you have, aged 15, Essays

Pharmaceutical Company Innovation Impact-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Case of Australian Pharmaceuticals. Answer Introduction The growth and development of a firm depends on the products variance and what they can innovate with respect to the ongoing trends of the industry. This text is based on the reviews of authors arguments regarding the Australian pharmaceutical companies. This also analyses the favourable and gaps in government policies, which either helps or acts as a barrier in innovation in the firm (McCann Ortega-Argils, 2013). The technological innovation has become crucial part of pharmacy industry is operating in regional or on international market (Mudambi Swift, 2012).This idea is also simultaneously important as analyzing whether pharmaceutical firms' experience in their technological and product-market domains confer early advantages to their new product offerings, while leading to higher initial sales levels (Henshall, 2014). It has been found that a rising number of biologics in the channel of pharmacy companies with unbeaten products previously in the market although, small molecular e ntities have principally conquered drug innovation. Research aim and objectives This research is on the impact of policy framework and the government policies influence in technological innovation in pharmaceutical industries of Australia. This research also explores on the advantage and disadvantages that the country had to face regarding the regulations in innovation. In spite of Australias relatively undersized population, Australians consume huge amounts of medicines. The performance of the pharmaceutical industry has been outstanding the years before 2008 cause of financial crisis. However, how the multinationals have struggled and used the economies scale to face the opportunity that they have (Jungmittag, Reger Reiss, 2013). The paper suggests a methodology for measuring the degree of openness in companies' innovation processes through the analysis of annual reports. Aim - The purpose of this piece of writing is to discuss the mentioned areas by reflecting on the Session on RD in Drug Innovation during the Bio economy(Henshall, 2014). Literature review Pharmaceutical industry in Australia knowledge based industry and there is extensive scope of using innovative technologies. The field research in biotechnology and bioinformatics is vast and the new nanotechnologies have become very essential to use to further explore the research and development strategies. In global context, this industry rise is supposed to be stagnant and development of Innovative drugs and generic medicine usage is on rise(Mudambi Swift, 2012). Developing new drugs are expensive. However, with help of government and capitalists eager to invest on the product development, these problems can have solutions in future. The funding part of the RD is allocated and inspected by government health and research centres (Lee, Hwang Choi, 2012). Like The National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), Cooperative Research Centres (CRCs), The Australian Research Council (ARC), The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Cooperative Rese arch Centers (CRCs), eager Universities and local hospitals and nursing homes (www.biogrid.org.au, 2017). Government also provides the Tax compensation and incentive programs in RD. Manufacturing industry in this medical field have outperform other industries in Australia (Mudambi Swift, 2012). The manufacturing industry accounts for about 10% of completely manufacturing industry in export in Australia. This industry is a technologically intensive and have exported around 3.89 billion dollar in the years 2012-2013. Moreover, it spent around $404 million on product manufacturing and RD. The value comes to 2.91 billion dollar as of 2012. Alpha farm in Australia is among the highest contributor to PBS (pharmaceutical benefit scheme in the year 2012 (Cappelen, Raknerud Rybalka, 2012). They are one among the highest market shareholder too. This industrys manufacturing and export performance has been impressive and that demonstrates the fundamental feature transformation that has occurr ed also within the pharmaceuticals manufacturing industry, from one focused principal on supply-demand to domestic market, to another focused on servicing international markets (Lee, Hwang Choi, 2012). The industry has employed about 16,500 people and used up around $404 million on pharmaceutical manufacturing RD in 2011?12. Sales of complementary medicines are worth around $2 billion a year. IBIS World has estimated that more than half of all pharmaceuticals manufacturers revenue is now derived from exports, higher than a decade ago(www.biogrid.org.au, 2017). There have been difficulties in this industry and that have affected the innovation. The certain expiries related patent problems have arise due to non-consolidation and consequence of rationalisation. If at any crucial moment, the company is unable to secure the needed investment exports percentage have shown decline in the average level(Mudambi Swift, 2012). Economies of scale have provided the competitive advantage of to the country for long and have given desirable outcome to the export market exchange Australia. Business Expenditure in this field of RD department, BERD for the pharmaceuticals industry significantly increased between 1998 and 2006, such that nearly by 200607, annual industry investment in RD had reached $860million (Jungmittag, Reger Reiss, 2013). Early stage innovation is strongly supported by the Australian government. This country has also ranked in the top ten of OECD(www.biogrid.org.au, 2017). The help has increased in the following years and support was administered by the NHMRC and planned to raise the capital by $750 million in two years 2010-2012(Sears and Hoetker, 2012). Clinical research development have also ranked in the highest position in the revolutionary drugs like Gardasil (cervical cancer vaccine), Relenza (influenza antiviral) and Naglazyme (treatment for rare genetic disease Mucopolysaccharidosis type six). Australia is known to be congruence towards early sta ge development of medicines not only value adding by packaging business. There are also different reasons for being able to use this as Australia has been reported to have high quality clinical trials. Secondly, Australia have been recognised several times to have excellent reputation in the field research (Sears and Hoetker, 2012). There is also advantage of favourable facilities. The global trends and financial crisis have affected and buffeted this industry. GlaxoSmithKline is one of the most reputed Multinational Corporation in the global market including Australia. The previous government programs had some scheme that has been beneficial for the company. However, they have been backed up by biotechnological innovation process. The rapid rate of patent expiry have matched the competitive advantage that has significant growth in the generic drugs sector (Michelino, Lambarti Caputo, 2014). The paradigm shift to out-sourcing the innovation facilities and early stage RD in the discussing countries has resulted in expansion of the biotechnology division, but this has been offset by cost reduction resulting in worldwide job losses in the originator sector (Besi McCormick, 2015). Considerably, the distribution of the Australian pharmaceuticals manufacturing industry, occupied in the higher value accumulation segments of the supply chain has declined throughout the past decade, from approximately 80per cent formulation to just 45 per cent, with the consideration of balance replaced by packaging activities (Lee, Hwang Choi, 2012). Therapeutic drugs ma nufacturer and sell under the TGA act is a different business unit of Australian government. The strategic Framework of the competitors is in sync with the increment in results they are getting in the over the last 10 years. In this groups direction paper there is also a global impact discussed as the sustainability of the Multinational pharmaceuticals depends most of that in outsourcing (Lehoux et al. 2014). The global working environment is challenging for this particular industry manufacturing RD and commercialization of activity. Though Australia has certain strengths regarding the world-class medical research base, strong clinical research centers, specialization in manufacturing and strong export business performance, value addition business, mature biotechnological sector and cost competitiveness to North America and European countries (McCann Ortega-Argils, 2013). They have also a strong backup of government laws and certainty in legal investments from benefit sharing schem es. The ageing population is in need of therapies that Australian therapy businesses has capabilities to act on (Besi McCormick, 2015). Growing interest on personalized medicine industry technological. The Factor f scheme operating in the country have adverse effects on PBS on innovation and manufacturing industry on Australian pharmaceutical industry. Later support scheme have supported portfolio of activities (Mahroum Al-Saleh, 2013). Research questions The research questions are for further analysis of the topic. After discussing the arguments of the authors in the articles it can be said that there is certainly some influence of global manufacturing of clinical, generic, therapeutic drugs in Australia. There is also a factor government policy acting as stimulation for the batch. Is the impact of policy framework and the government policies influence in technological innovation in pharmaceutical industries of Australia? If the relation between global pharmaceutical industrys performance positively correlated to that of Australias? Is the countrys pharmaceutical industry facing any problem? Is there any degree of open innovation working for this country? Conclusion Therefore, from the above analysis of the arguments of the author it can be concluded that there is certain advantage of having favourable regulations in the Pharmaceutical industries strategic competitive advantage. Australian government has made sure the support is firm in the early stages of drug development policies. There is also a maturity in the biotechnological innovation planning. The Bio informatics is also supportive. Further, there is also different schemes and acts that helps the business environment to grow. The advantage of having a favourable policy framework as a stimulation, which helps the innovation. References: Global pharma market grew to $712billion last year, Scrip, no.3357, 30April2008, https://www.biogrid.org.au viewed December 2008 . Cappelen, ., Raknerud, A., Rybalka, M. (2012). The effects of RD tax credits on patenting and innovations.Research Policy,41(2), 334-345. de Besi, M., McCormick, K. (2015). Towards a bioeconomy in Europe: National, regional and industrial strategies.Sustainability,7(8), 10461-10478. Henshall, C., Sansom, L., Eichler, H. (2014). Understanding the Role and Evidence Expectations of Health Technology Assessment and Coverage/Payer Bodies What Are They Looking for, and How and Why Does This Differ From What Regulators Require?,Therapeutic Innovation and Regulatory Science, 48(3): 341-346 Jungmittag, A., Reger, G., Reiss, T. (Eds.). (2013).Changing innovation in the pharmaceutical industry: globalization and new ways of drug development. Springer Science Business Media. Lee, S. M., Hwang, T., Choi, D. (2012). Open innovation in the public sector of leading countries. Management Decision,50(1), 147-162. Lehoux, P., Daudelin, G., Williams-Jones, B., Denis, J. L., Longo, C. (2014). How do business model and health technology design influence each other? Insights from a longitudinal case study of three academic spin-offs.Research Policy,43(6), 1025-1038. Mahroum, S., Al-Saleh, Y. (2013). Towards a functional framework for measuring national innovation efficacy.Technovation,33(10), 320-332. McCann, P., Ortega-Argils, R. (2013). Modern regional innovation policy.Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society,6(2), 187-216. Michelino, F., Lambarti, E., Caputo, M. (2014). Measuring Open Innovation in The Bio-Pharmaceutical Industry, Creativity and Innovation Management, 24(1): 1-25 Mudambi, R., Swift, T. (2012). Multinational enterprises and the geographical clustering of innovation.Industry and Innovation,19(1), 1-21. Sears, J and Hoetker, G. (2012). Technological Overlap, Technological Capabilities, And Resource Recombination in Technological Acquisitions, Strategic Management Journal, 35:48-67